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    Sodom and Gomorrah

    The Cities of the Plain

    Ash and brimstone remain
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    The five cities of the plain have been located and the evidence is staggering.  For the first time in modern history we have found round balls of brimstone, or nearly pure sulfur, embedded in an ashen area near the Dead Sea, which show clear signs of having once been ancient building structures

    Josephus Saw the Cities -- Why Can"t We?

    The cities were located in the plain, so they should not be located in the low area now covered by the Dead Sea.  These cities were well known in the first century, as Josephus said, "The traces or shadows of the five cities are still to be seen."  If Josephus could see them, then we should be able to see them also.  The water level of the Dead Sea has fallen since the time of Josephus, so the areas Josephus saw in his day are still visible today.

    Biblical Warning For All

    The cities of the plain were destroyed as a warning for all that this same event will happen again one day to the wicked.  One would think God is capable of preserving this ancient lesson for us to see and to learn from.

    "Then the Lord rained brimstone and fire on Sodom and Gomorrah, from the Lord out of the heavens"  Genesis 19:24.  "Turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah into ashes, condemned them to destruction, making them an example to those who afterward would live ungodly"  II Peter 2:6.  (The word for "example" means an exhibit for warning.)

    Analysis of the Brimstone

    These sulfur balls are mostly golf ball sized, and some have burn marks all around them!  Webster"s Dictionary says that "brimstone" = sulfur.  Accordingly, we have found the absolute proof that we have finally located Sodom and Gomorrah, the cities of the plain

     

    Orbach:  One of the major archaeological mysteries that still perplexes scientists and biblical scientists alike, is the location of the five cities of the plain named in the Bible as Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboim and Zoar. There whereabouts are probably of little or no concern outside of archaeological curiosity, except for one thing, the way in which these cities were said to have been destroyed.  According to the Bible God rained down fire and brimstone on Sodom and Gomorrah, and destroyed them utterly.  Over the the centuries skeptics have questioned not only where these cities may have been, but did they exist at all...

    The argument has been going on for generations and up to now it has never seemed to get resolved, but recent discoveries have changed the nature of the discussion.  Sources other than the Bible are now being consulted, and the points of contention are becoming more focused on where the cities were, and less and less on whether or not they actually existed.  But one question always remains:  Did the cataclysmic event that destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah actually happen as recorded in the Bible?  Or was it a tale invented by some early scribe to teach a frightening moral and religious lesson?

    Among the sins of the Sodomites, Ezekiel lists pride, fullness of bread, abundance of idleness, haughtiness, and being unwilling to strengthen the hand of the poor and needy.  How did these city dwellers get so wealthy

     

    Shea:  In 1978, professor Giavani Petionano of the University of Rome, published an ancient cuneiform tablet known as the Ebla Geographical Atlas   This comes from the mid-third millennium BC.  It"s a list which contains the names of 290 ancient place names.  These names come from Syria and from Canaan.  Of the 290 names, several of these bear upon Genesis 14 and the Cities of the Plain.  Name number 210 is Athma, in its old Canaanite form with a final feminine "t."  Immediately following that name is number 211 Sodom, clear to read and phonetically equivalent with the biblical Sodom.  Eight names later, comes the name of Aqabu, the modern Aqaba, which is the gulf at the northeast end of the Red Sea.  This name of Aqaba, gives us a very important clue as to where this Sodom is located.  That puts it in southern trans-Jordan that"s where the biblical Sodom was located.

    Dr. Weston Fields:  Zoar is located, according to the Medivan Mosaic Map, found a few years ago in a Byzantine church in what is now Jordan, in the southeast area of the dead sea region.  

    Orbach:  Much has been made of this mosaic map, and for years archaeologists have settled on a series of small ruins near the southeast corner of the dead sea as the likely location of all five Cities of the Plain.  But, is that location supportable in light of more recent discoveries?   Is there evidence that fire and brimstone or burning stones actually destroyed the cities?  Have other locations been found that more closely fit the biblical and historic definitions?  Is it now possible to say that the exact sites of all five plain cities have been found?  Clues by the fist-full when we return...  The location of the five cities of the plain, as they are described in the Bible have long been the subject of speculation and research.  Archaeologists and biblical scholars have settled on one or two spots that appear to offer some possibilities.  One of these sites is today located under the waters of the southern tip of the Dead Sea. Another is on the Jordanian side of the Dead Sea where five archaeological sites have been located.  But there are problems.  No one has been able to get to the underwater sites to confirm whether the structures there are natural or man made.  And the five Jordanian sites are five hundred feet above the plain that is so specifically stated in the Bible.  Does the biblical story provide any other details we could examine?

    Thurston:  The NIV translation of Genesis 19:24 states:



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